From the Comprehensive Rules
- Damage
- Damage can be dealt to creatures, planeswalkers, and players.
- Damage dealt to a player causes that player to lose that much life.
- Damage dealt to a planeswalker causes that planeswalker to lose that much loyalty.
- Damage dealt to a creature stays on the permanent until the cleanup step, even if it stops being a creature. A creature with damage greater than or equal to its toughness has been dealt lethal damage and is destroyed. (See rule 420, “State-Based Effects.”) Damage doesn’t alter a creature’s toughness. During the cleanup step, all damage is removed from permanents.
- Costs and effects that read “lose life” or “pay life” don’t deal damage, and that loss of life can’t be prevented or otherwise altered by effects that prevent or replace damage.
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